The product primarily utilizes bimetallic metallurgical materials: the copper surface is formed using high-density metallurgical copper powder, while the steel surface consists of ordinary carbon steel (supported by either a single or double steel plate structure). The copper surface offers good flexibility, reducing friction and minimizing damage caused by hardness, whereas the steel surface provides the structural hardness and material strength necessary to withstand various rotational and cutting environments. This dual-sided construction imparts properties such as corrosion resistance and crush resistance.
Key properties of the copper surface:
Electrical and thermal conductivity: Copper's electrical and thermal conductivity are second only to silver, making it the most widely used material for cables, electrical appliances, and electronic components.
Ductility and malleability: Copper possesses excellent ductility and malleability, allowing it to be drawn into extremely fine wire or rolled into very thin foil.
Corrosion resistance: In humid air, copper forms a protective layer of patina (basic copper carbonate); this layer provides permanent protection for the underlying metal, granting copper strong corrosion resistance.
Workability: Copper exhibits excellent plasticity and workability, making it easy to cast, roll, extrude, and even draw into fine wire or roll into thin foil.
Alloying capabilities: Copper can be alloyed with metals such as tin, zinc, and nickel to create materials with distinct characteristics-such as bronze, brass, and cupronickel. Some of these alloys offer wear resistance and good castability, while others provide superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
The performance characteristics of carbon steel depend primarily on its carbon content, specifically regarding variations in hardness, strength, plasticity, and toughness.
Hardness and strength: Higher carbon content in carbon steel results in increased hardness and strength but reduced plasticity. This variation allows carbon steel to be classified based on specific application requirements-such as low-carbon, medium-carbon, and high-carbon steel. Low-carbon steel offers a balance of strength, plasticity, and toughness, making it suitable for stamped parts, welded structural components, and mechanical parts with moderate strength requirements. Medium-carbon steel possesses higher strength and hardness, making it ideal for mechanical parts subject to significant loads. High-carbon steel offers high strength, hardness, and elasticity-though it has poorer weldability and machinability-making it suitable for parts requiring high strength, wear resistance, and elasticity. Plasticity: Low-carbon steels exhibit good plasticity, making them easy to process and form, though they lack high strength and durability. This characteristic makes them particularly suitable for applications requiring good plasticity-such as connecting bolts in structural engineering-where they help ensure the stability and safety of the structure.
Toughness: Low-carbon steels generally possess good toughness and plasticity, allowing them to maintain relatively stable performance under impact or deformation and reducing the risk of failure. For instance, Grade 8.8 and 10.9 carbon steels are used for connecting bolts in structural applications to ensure stability and safety.
Heat Treatment: The properties of carbon steel can be further enhanced through heat treatment processes such as quenching and tempering. High-carbon steel, for example, typically requires heat treatment during manufacturing to increase its hardness and wear resistance, making it suitable for producing tools, molds, and measuring instruments.
In summary, carbon steel exhibits diverse performance characteristics depending on its carbon content; it is widely used in sectors such as construction, automotive manufacturing, and aerospace, making it one of the most common metal materials in industry.